What is Discrimination?

Discrimination is an action or a decision that treats a person or a group negatively for reasons such as their race, age or disability. These reasons are known as grounds of discrimination. Federal employers and service providers, as well as employers and service providers of private companies that are regulated by the federal government, cannot discriminate against individuals for these reasons.
 

These 11 grounds are protected under the Canadian Human Rights Act (see below):

- race
- national or ethnic origin
- colour
- religion
- age
- sex
- sexual orientation
- marital status
- family status
- disability
- a conviction for which a pardon has been granted or a record suspended.

There are several ways that a person could be discriminated against. The Canadian Human Rights Act calls these discriminatory practices. The following seven discriminatory practices are prohibited by the Canadian Human Rights Act when they are based on one or more of the 11 grounds of discrimination:
 

- Denying someone goods, services, facilities or accommodation. 
- Providing someone goods, services, facilities or accommodation in a way that treats them adversely and differently.
- Refusing to employ or continue to employ someone, or treating them unfairly in the workplace. 
- Following policies or practices that deprive people of employment opportunities.  - Paying men and women
 differently when they are doing work of the same value. 
- Retaliating against a person who has filed a complaint with the Commission or against someone who has filed a  
 complaint for them. 
- Harassing someone.

Federal employers are not allowed to discriminate against their employees. In fact, they are obligated to make every effort to accommodate an employee’s individual circumstances that relate to protected grounds of discrimination. We call this the duty to accommodate.
 

If you work for or receive services from a business or organization that is regulated by the federal government, and you believe you have experienced discrimination because of one of the 11 grounds, you can file a complaint with the Canadian Human Rights Commission.
 

CANADIAN HUMAN RIGHTS ACT
The purpose of this Act is to extend the laws in Canada to give effect, within the purview of matters coming within the legislative authority of Parliament, to the principle that all individuals should have an opportunity equal with other individuals to make for themselves the lives that they are able and wish to have and to have their needs accommodated, consistent with their duties and obligations as members of society, without being hindered in or prevented from doing so by discriminatory practices based on race, national or ethnic origin, colour, religion, age, sex, sexual orientation, marital status, family status, disability or conviction for an offence for which a pardon has been granted or in respect of which a record suspension has been ordered.

To view the Canadian Human Rights Act in its entirety, please click here.
 

ONTARIO HUMAN RIGHTS CODE
The Ontario Human Rights Code (the "Code") states that it is public policy in Ontario to recognize the inherent dignity and worth of every person and to provide for equal rights and opportunities without discrimination. The provisions of the Code are aimed at creating a climate of understanding and mutual respect for the dignity and worth of each person, so that each person feels a part of the community and feels able to contribute to the community. Every person in Ontario has a right to be free from discrimination and harassment relating to sexual orientation in the all the social areas protected by the Code. These include employment, services, goods and facilities, housing accommodation, contracts, and membership in trade unions and vocational associations.

To view the Ontario Human Right Code in it's entirety, please click here.
 

 

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